%0 Journal Article %J Remote Sensing of Environment %D 1998 %T Inclusion of a simple multiple scattering model into a microwave canopy backscatter model %A Wang, Y. %A Paris, J. F. %A Davis, F. W. %K (Aerospace and Underwater Biological Effects--General %K (Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )) %K (Ecology %K (Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods) %K (Radiation--Radiation and Isotope Techniques) %K Environmental Biology--Plant) %K Forest Stand %K Methods) %K Microwave Canopy Backscatter Model %K Models and Simulations %K remote sensing %K Research Article %K Simple Multiple Scattering Model %X A simple multiple scattering model has been incorporated into a microwave canopy backscatter model for forest stands with continuous or discontinuous tree canopies. The multiple scattering model was empirically derived using available calculated multiple scattering values and Monte Carlo simulation. All orders of scattering within canopies beyond single scattering were assumed to be isotropic. Multiple scattering was divided evenly among HH, HV, VH, and VV polarizations. The corresponding single scattering term was polarization-sensitive. The effect of the multiple scattering term on modeled canopy backscatter was less at long wavelengths than at short wavelengths. At a given wavelength, the multiple scattering term affected copolarized scattering less than cross-polarized scattering. These predictions were consistent with calibrated SAR observations and with our understanding of microwave scattering in forested environment. Including multiple scattering effects improved the agreement between modeled and measured canopy backscatter particularly for cross-polarized backscatter at short wavelengths. %B Remote Sensing of Environment %V 63 %P 101-111 %8 1998 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J International Journal of Remote Sensing %D 1995 %T The effects of changes in forest biomass on radar backscatter from tree canopies %A Wang, Y. %A Davis, F. W. %A Melack, J. M. %A Kasischke, E. S. %A Christensen, N. L., Jr. %K (Aerospace and Underwater Biological Effects--General %K (Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )) %K (Ecology %K (Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods) %K (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Growth, Differentiation) %K Coniferopsida %K Environmental Biology--Plant) %K Gymnosperms %K Mathematical Model %K Methods) %K North Carolina %K Pine %K Plants %K Research Article %K Spermatophyta %K Spermatophytes %K Synthetic Aperture Radar %K Usa %K Vascular plants %B International Journal of Remote Sensing %V 16 %P 503-513 %8 1995 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis, Vol. 117. Global change and mediterranean-type ecosystems; International Symposium, Valencia, Spain, September 1992 %D 1995 %T Sensitivity of fire regime in chaparral ecosystems in climate change %A Davis, F. W. %A Michaelsen, J. %E Moreno, J. M. %E Oechel, W. C. %K (Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )) %K (Ecology %K (General Biology--Information, Documentation, Retrieval and Computer Applications) %K (Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods) %K Book Chapter %K California %K Computer Simulation %K Ecology %K Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology and Biometeorology) %K Environmental Biology--Plant) %K Fire History %K Mathematical Model %K Meeting Paper %K Plantae-Unspecified %K Plants %K Usa %K vegetation %B Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis, Vol. 117. Global change and mediterranean-type ecosystems; International Symposium, Valencia, Spain, September 1992 %I Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. %C New York, New York, USA; Berlin, Germany %P 435-456 %8 1995 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Remote Sensing of Environment %D 1994 %T The effects of changes in loblolly pine biomass and soil moisture on ERS-1 SAR backscatter %A Wang, Y. %A Kasischke, E. S. %A Melack, J. M. %A Davis, F. W. %A Christensen, N. L., Jr. %K (Aerospace and Underwater Biological Effects--General %K (Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970- )) %K (Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )) %K (Ecology %K (Forestry and Forest Products) %K (Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods) %K (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Growth, Differentiation) %K (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Water Relations) %K (Soil Science--Fertility and Applied Studies (1970- )) %K (Soil Science--Physics and Chemistry (1970- )) %K Coniferopsida %K Environmental Biology--Plant) %K European Remote Sensing Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar %K Gymnosperms %K Mathematical Model %K Methods) %K North Carolina %K Plants %K Research Article %K Spermatophytes %K Usa %K Vascular plants %B Remote Sensing of Environment %V 49 %P 25-31 %8 1994 %G eng